Kotor
The city of Kotor is a reserved aristocrat among other medieval towns on the Adriatic coast. In fact, it is Kotor that has given its proud name to the Bay of Kotor—the deepest, most beautiful, and rainiest bay of the Adriatic Sea.
The most important thing to know about this aristocrat is that it is a living city, not just a fortress where visitors enter with a ticket and must leave by nightfall. In the stone houses—once the residences of noble families—ordinary people live today, hiding from the tourist noise behind closed shutters. If you look away from the shop windows and souvenir stalls, you will notice laundry lines stretched between medieval windows, with modern clothes drying in the sun. In this way, the residents create an authentic setting for tourists eager for picturesque snapshots.

Kotor was built by the Venetians, and they followed their own strict architectural rules. For example, una casa—una famiglia: one house—one owner; the kitchen was always on the top floor to prevent fires and excessive temptation from delicious smells, and, of course, the symbol of Venice—the winged lion—was placed in any convenient spot. You can find yourself in the company of one of these lions by climbing to the highest point of the city walls (entrance €2.5)—the San Giovanni bastion—above the city’s noise and bustle.

Roughly speaking, Kotor was built over a span of 300 years, from the early 15th to the 18th century. During this time, the Venetians managed to construct a four-kilometer-long defensive wall, six bastions, and seven city squares. Every aristocratic family was given its own palace with all the necessary amenities. There are no wide, straight avenues in Kotor; the city’s squares (each with its own name) are connected by narrow, winding streets. The narrowest of them is called “Let Me Pass”—it is so tight that two noblemen would have struggled to walk past each other without conflict, potentially leading to serious medieval grievances.
There are only three entrances to the city—the main sea gate, the northern gate, and the southern gate. Each of these gates is protected by a natural water barrier—the Skurda River, the underground Gurdić Spring, and the sea. In the Middle Ages, the bridges leading to the gates were drawbridges. In times of danger, they were raised, the gates were locked, Venetian soldiers took their positions at the embrasures, and the city became what it was meant to be—an impenetrable fortress. Remarkably, during 300 years of Venetian rule, Kotor was never conquered by the Turks. However, the locals credited this not so much to the Venetian soldiers as to Blessed Osanna, a nun who led an uprising and drove out the infamous Hayreddin Barbarossa. One of the city’s churches is named after her, and inside, to the left of the altar, her incorrupt relics rest in a glass sarcophagus.

Enter the city through the main sea gate, just as everyone who has ever arrived in Kotor by sea. At the entrance, a relief of Saint Tryphon—the city’s patron saint since the 9th century—welcomes visitors. Above the gate, there is also a stone mask of Neptune; after all, it is always best to have multiple protectors. Stroll through the city, wander its squares and narrow streets alongside other tourists, buy souvenirs in former artisan workshops, and enjoy a cup of coffee in one of the cafes. Listen to the city—Kotor may not reveal all of its hundreds of secrets, but it will certainly share something with you.

You won’t get lost in Kotor, thanks to the free map available at the tourist kiosk near the main gate. There, you can also request a guide if you wish to get to know the city more closely.
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